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Tozadenant (SYN115) is a novel, selective adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonist. The selective adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonists have been proposed as therapeutic tools for dopaminergically-relevant diseases. Adenosine A(2a) receptor antagonists reduce symptom severity in Parkinson disease (PD) and animal models. SYN115 produced a highly significant decrease in thalamic CBF, consistent with reduced pallidothalamic inhibition via the indirect pathway. Similar decreases occurred in cortical regions whose activity decreases with increased alertness and externally focused attention, consistent with decreased self-reported sleepiness on SYN115. In cocaine-dependent subjects, SYN115 may produce stimulant-like effects through a unique mechanism of action. We conclude that SYN115 enters the brain and exerts dose-dependent regional effects, the most prominent of these effects is consistent with deactivation of the indirect pathway as predicted by studies.
| Cell Experiment | |
|---|---|
| Cell lines | CHO cells |
| Preparation method | A1 and A2B adenosine receptor functional assay CHO cells, expressing recombinant human ARs, were harvested by trypsinization. After centrifugation and re-suspension in medium, cells (~30,000) were plated in 24-well plates in 0.5 mL of medium. After 24 h, the medium was removed, and the cells were incubated at 37℃ for 15 min with 0.5 mL of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) in the presence of adenosine deaminase (ADA) (1 U/mL) and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor Ro20-1724 (20 mM). The pharmacological profile of the compounds towards A2B ARs was evaluated by assessing cAMP accumulation in the absence or presence of the agonist NECA (100 nM). The antagonist profile of the compounds towards A1 ARs was evaluated by assessing their ability to counteract NECA-mediated inhibition of cAMP accumulation in the presence of 1 mM forskolin, as non-selective adenylate cyclase (AC) activator. Cells were incubated in the reaction medium (15 min at 37℃) with different concentrations of target compounds (0.1 nM~1 mM) and then were treated with the agonist. Following incubation, the reaction was terminated by the removal of the medium and the addition of 0.4 N HCl. After 30 min, lysates were neutralized with 4 N KOH, and the suspension was centrifuged at 800 g for 5 min. For the determination of cAMP production, bovine adrenal cAMP binding protein was incubated with [3H]cAMP (2 nM) and 50 ml of cell lysate or cAMP standard (0~160 pmol) at 0℃for 150 min in a total volume of 300 ml. Bound radioactivity was separated by rapid filtration through GF/C glass fiber filters and washed twice with 4 mL 50 mM TriseHCl, pH 7.4. The radioactivity was measured by liquid scintillation spectrometry. |
| Concentrations | 0~1μM |
| Incubation time | 15 min |
| Animal Experiment | |
|---|---|
| Animal models | male Swiss albino mice(23~25 g) |
| Formulation | isotonic (NaCl 0.9%) saline solution |
| Dosages | 3, 10 and 30mg/kg was given immediately after punishment |
| Administration | i.p. |
| Molecular Weight | 406.5 |
| Formula | C19H26N4O4S |
| CAS Number | 870070-55-6 |
| Solubility (25°C) | DMSO 45 mg/mL |
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years ; 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months ; -20°C 1 month |
| Related Adenosine Receptor Products |
|---|
| CGS 21680 hydrochloride
CGS 21680 hydrochloride is an A2A adenosine receptor agonist with an Ki of 27 nM. |
| Istradefylline
Istradefylline (KW-6002) is a potent, selective and orally active adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) antagonist with Ki of 2.2 nM. |
| CGS 21680
CGS 21680 is a selective adenosine receptor agonist for A2A and A3 with Ki of 15 ng/mL and 37 ng/mL, respectively. |
| Norisoboldine
Norisoboldine is an isoquinoline alkaloid which acts as an AhR agonist. |
| Theobromine
Theobromine is a methylxanthine found in cocoa beans that inhibits adenosine receptor A1 (AR1) signaling. |
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