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Bardoxolone is an IKK inhibitor, showing potent proapoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities; Also a potent Nrf2 activator and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor.
In vitro: Bardoxolone exhibits potent inhibitory activities against production of nitric oxide induced by interferon-Ƴ in mouse macrophages with IC50 of 0.1 nM. Bardoxolone Methyl decreases the viability of leukemic HL-60, KG-1, and NB4 cells with IC50 of 0.4, 0.4, and 0.27 μM, respectively. CDDO-Me induces pro-apoptotic Bax protein, inhibits the activation of ERK1/2, and it blocks Bcl-2 phosphorylation, which contributes to the induction of apoptosis. Bardoxolone Methyl potently inhibits both constitutive and inducible NF-kappaB activated by TNF, interleukin (IL)-1beta, phorbol ester, okadaic acid, hydrogen peroxide, lipopolysaccharide, and cigarette smoke.
In vivo: Bardoxolone (60 mg/kg) reduces the number, size, and severity of lung tumors in vivo. Bardoxolone Methyl significantly reduces the in vivo inflammatory cytokine response following LPS challenge, induces HO-1 protein expression in the spleen, and protects mice against lethal-dose LPS.
| Cell Experiment | |
|---|---|
| Cell lines | HL-60, KG-1, and NB4 cells |
| Preparation method | Leukemic cell lines are cultured at a density of 3.0 × 10^5 cells/mL, and AML mononuclear cells are cultured at 5 × 10^5 cells/mL in the presence or absence of indicated concentrations of CDDO-Me. Appropriate amounts of DMSO (final concentration less than 0.05%) are included as control. For cytotoxicity studies, 1 μM ara-C is added to the cultures. After 24 to 72 hours, viable cells are counted with the trypan blue dye exclusion method using a hematocytometer. |
| Concentrations | ~5 μM |
| Incubation time | 72 hours |
| Animal Experiment | |
|---|---|
| Animal models | Female A/J mice are injected i.p. with vinyl carbamate. |
| Formulation | DMSO |
| Dosages | ~60 mg/kg |
| Administration | Oral gavage |
| Molecular Weight | 491.66 |
| Formula | C31H41NO4 |
| CAS Number | 218600-44-3 |
| Solubility (25°C) | 21 mg/mL in DMSO |
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years ; 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months ; -20°C 1 month |
| Related IκB/IKK Products |
|---|
| BAY 11-7082
BAY 11-7082 is an inhibitor of cytokine-induced IκB-α phosphorylation (IC50 ~ 10 μM). BAY 11-7082 inhibits ubiquitin-specific protease USP7 and USP21 (IC50=0.19, 0.96 μM, respectively). |
| SC-514
SC-514 is a selective and reversible inhibitor of IκB kinase 2 (IKK2) with IC50 of 3-12 μM. |
| TPCA-1
TPCA-1 is an inhibitor of IKK-2 with IC50 of 17.9 nM. |
| BMS-345541 hydrochloride
BMS-345541 hydrochloride is a selective inhibitor of the catalytic subunits of IKK (IC50 values of 0.3 μM and 4 μM for IKK-2 and IKK-1 respectively). BMS-345541 binds at an allosteric site of IKK. |
| Bardoxolone Methyl
Bardoxolone Methyl is an IKK inhibitor with potent pro-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as an activator of the Nrf2 pathway and an inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway. |
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